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美国Doccol线拴是MCAO模型稳定的保证，可以将脑梗塞体积标准差减少至5%，并避免蛛网膜下腔出血，不需要激光多普勒检测血流也能获得极为稳定的结果。 Doccol线拴是国际脑缺血研究中应用最多的线拴，也是Nature，Stroke，J Neurosci 等顶级杂志报道最多的线拴。根据谷歌学术的搜索结果，截止至2018年9月，已经有数千篇研究脑缺血的文献引用了Doccol线栓。仅2018年1月至9月就有158篇，见文献目录。同时，每只鼠MCAO模型的线栓成本最低仅为10-20元（可重复使用型号，视重复使用次数决定）。我们是Doccol线栓的中国唯一总代理，我们推荐使用下表的型号，推荐型号备有现货。其他型号及选择原则见所有Doccol MCAO线拴型号列表。

Doccol MCAO线拴的选择

种属	体重（g）	推荐型号（可重复用）/包装数量	线号	外径（mm）	包被（mm）
小鼠	15-20	701934PK5Re /5根	7-0	0.19	3-4
	15-20	701956PK5Re /5根	7-0	0.19	5-6
	20-25	602156PK5Re /5根	6-0	0.21	5-6
	20-25	602256PK5Re /5根	6-0	0.22	5-6
	25-30	602256PK5Re /5根	6-0	0.22	5-6
	25-30	602356PK5Re /5根	6-0	0.23	5-6
	30-35	602356PK5Re /5根	6-0	0.23	5-6
大鼠	200-250	403556PK5Re /5根	4-0	0.35	5-6
	250-280	403756PK5Re /5根	4-0	0.37	5-6
	280-330	403956PK5Re /5根	4-0	0.39	5-6
	330-400	404156PK5Re /5根	4-0	0.41	5-6
	>400	404356PK5Re /5根	4-0	0.43	5-6

注：（1）Doccol线栓型号的命名根据线号、外径、硅胶包被长度、一个包装中的线拴数量、是否可重复使用确定。如“701956PK5Re”为7号线，0.19mm外径，硅胶包被长度5-6mm，PK5一个包装中的线拴数量5根，Re可重复使用。（2）在美国，绝大多数的实验者也都选用上表推荐的可重复使用型号，即所谓“starter kits”。Doccol线栓所有型号及选择原则见所有Doccol MCAO线拴型号列表。（3）Re型号重复使用的次数，每位实验者差别很大，2-10次不等。

                                 Doccol MCAO线拴可以将脑梗塞体积标准差减少至5%
      成功的MCAO模型的脑血流在插入线拴时会有断崖式下降；在拔出线拴后，激光多普勒检测的血流会很快恢复（图A）。采用硬质尼龙鱼线线拴，极易戳破血管，造成蛛网膜下腔出血（Subarachnoid hemorrhage，图B）。手术过程中血管如果被线拴戳破，脑血流不会有断崖式下降，而是缓慢下降；在拔出线拴后，脑血流也不会恢复。造成脑梗塞体积变异的原因还有，不完全的梗塞血管或线拴移位造成的血流下降程度不均一及提前灌注。因此，线栓的质地是MCAO模型稳定的关键。

       对于MCAO模型来说，主要有两种线拴，无包被的火焰熔烫圆头线拴及硅胶包被线拴。研究表明(Tsuchiya et al. 2003)，无包被的圆头线拴在MCAO实验过程中可能导致高达40%的蛛网膜下腔出血，而其标准差可能比平均值的50%还要大。另一项技术文章表明(Shimamura et al. 2006a)，硅胶包被线拴要远好于无包被的圆头线拴，其结果更为稳定，即使对于没有经验的实验者来说也是如此。而多聚赖氨酸包被的线拴只能增加死亡率，不能减少梗赛体积的变异程度(Huang et al. 1998)。

      Doccol MCAO线拴全部为硅胶包被，圆润、柔软、包被均匀，即使在没有激光多普勒实时检测的情况，也不会将血管戳破。使用自制的硅胶包被的线拴，大鼠(Schmid-Elsaesser et al. 1998)及小鼠(Shah et al. 2006)的脑梗塞体积的标准差均在30%左右。而使用Doccol MCAO线拴可以得到更好的结果。对于大鼠MCAO模型来说，使用Doccol MCAO线拴得到的结果的标准差可达10%-20% （Ruscher et al.2012；Ishizaka et al.2013；Sakata et al.2012；Candelario-Jalil et al. 2008；Khan et al. 2006；Liu et al. 2006；Shimamura et al. 2006b；Solaroglu et al. 2006；Tsubokawa et al. 2007；Tsubokawa et al. 2006a；Tsubokawa et al. 2006b)。对于小鼠来说，使用Doccol MCAO线拴得到的结果的标准差可达5%-10%(Chen et al.2014; Bae et al.2013; Jin et al.2011; Gu et al.2012; Kleinschnitz et al. 2007; Maysami et al. 2008; Pignataro et al. 2007b; Pignataro et al. 2007c)。

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